Global Albedo Enhancement Project

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Objectives

1.2 Advantages

1.3 Disadvantages

2.0 Executive Summary

2.1 The Climate Change Problem

2.2 Attempts to Solve the Climate Change Problem by Regulation of Emissions

2.3 Attempts to Solve the Climate Change Problem by Technological Innovation

2.4 Surface Albedo Enhancement

2.4.1 Principle

2.4.2 Suitable Locations

2.4.3 Coverage Areas Required to Achieve Desired Level of Forcing Offsets

2.4.4 Implementation

2.4.4.1 Modeling

2.4.4.2 Selection and Installation of Cover Material

2.4.4.3 Monitoring

2.4.4.4 Maintenance

2.4.5 Costs and Financing

2.4.6 Scheduling

2.4.7 Additional Benefits

2.4.8 Conclusions

3.0 Background

3.1 The Climate Change Problem

3.2 Attempts to Solve the Climate Change Problem by Regulation of Emissions

3.3 Attempts to Solve the Climate Change Problem by Technological Innovation

3.3.1 Overview

3.3.2. Transportation

3.3.3 Electric Power Generation

3.3.4 Process and Commercial/Residential Heating

3.3.5 Food Production and Landfill Emissions

3.3.6 Deforestation and Non Transportation Industrial Use of Halocarbons

3.3.7 Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Ambient Air by Stimulating Phytoplankton Growth or by Protecting/Increasing Existing Forest

3.3.8 Reduction of Solar Radiation

3.3.9 Conclusions

4.0 Surface Albedo Enhancement

4.1 Principle

4.2 Suitable Locations

4.3 Calculation of Coverage Areas to Achieve Desired Level of ForcingOffsets

4.3.1 Input Data

4.3.2 Additional Radiative Forcing for the Entire Planet from 2010-2070 in Wm-2

4.3.3 Desert Area Coverage

4.4 Implementation Approach

4.4.1 Overview

4.4.2 Modeling

4.4.4 Installation

4.4.5 Monitoring

4.4.6 Maintenance

4.4.6.1 Repairs and Replacement

4.4.6.2 Cleaning

4.4.6.2.1 Contamination Sources

4.4.6.2.2 Preventative Measures

4.4.6.2.3 Robotic Vacuum Cleaners

4.5 Costs and Financing

4.5.1 Costs

4.5.2 Financing

4.6 Scheduling

5.0 References

Appendix A

Comparison of Emission Offsets to Number of Emission Sources